PHILOSOPHICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL VIEWS OF P. N. MILYUKOV

Annotation

This given paper analyzes the philosophical and pedagogical views of P. N. Milyukov. Milyukov claimed authorship in developing a scientific theory of progress, which, in his opinion, is able to overcome numerous prejudices existing in historical science. However, as shown in the present article, the thinker failed to overcome the contradictions in the interpretation of history. Advocating the evolutionary development of society, he emphasizes that, despite a certain uniqueness of some ethnic groups, their overall development will be the same under certain circumstances. Exactly this belief became the key for the scientist, and led to the critique of Slavophilism. From Milyukov’s point of view, emphasizing the uniqueness of domestic history and its fundamental difference from the Western way of development are not only erroneous, but also “highly harmful”. Being in the position of Eurocentrism, Milyukov rejects all the achievements of Russian history that do not fit into the European system of values, and rather unsubstantiatedly asserts Russia’s falling behind the advanced West. The scholar considers the outstanding religiosity of the Russian people as well as the unique role of Orthodoxy in the formation of the national identity to be a myth. Characterizing the educational policy of the Russian state, he also highlights its inferior status compared to the educational system of the West. In terms of Milyukov’s contribution to the philosophical and educational studies, his analysis of the evolution of the Russian educational system based on a large amount of factual material related to the domestic education and an extensive bibliography could be singled out.

Keywords

liberal, the West, Russia, Westerners, Slavophils, philosophy, progress, school of thought

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