THEOLOGICAL DISCOURSE ON THE THRESHOLD OF MODERN TIMES. JUDEO-CHRISTIAN CONTROVERSY IN THE XIII–XV CENTURIES. SPAIN

Annotation

The Judeo- Christian controversy was an important element of medieval Christian theology. The disposition, or dispositif, of this theology at the end of the Middle Ages is the subject of this article, focusing on Spanish material from the 13th to 15th centuries. In the context of the ongoing Reconquista, Jewish medieval thought on the peninsula experienced its golden age, having a significant impact on Christian theology and culture. The traditional genre of Christian literature Adversus Judaeos changes its character from the beginning of the 12th century: the Talmud comes into the Christian field of view, used for a dual purpose — as evidence of the persistence of contemporary Jews in their “sin”, due to which the doctrine of the “people of witness” (Augustine) loses its meaning, and also as historical evidence of Christ. As a result of the famous disputes, the Jews received the status of heretics and, contrary to Roman law, could be converted or expelled. The period from 1391 to 1492, from the Seville pogroms to the conquest of Granada and the edict of the “Catholic kings,” became a time of restriction, strangulation, expulsion of Jewish culture from the peninsula and the beginning of a new stage in the history of Spain, the transformation of which into a new European national state took place under the sign of the medieval ideology of the “Christian state” with its telos of saving the souls of its subjects.

Keywords

theology, dispositive, monotheism, sacred state, pastoral power

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Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 21–011–44058