TO DRINK THE CUP OF SUFFERING: THE SPIRITUAL PATH OF I. S. SHMELEV

Annotation

This article is devoted to the peculiarities of I. S. Shmelev’s spiritual path: having lost the old traditional Russia, the writer managed to preserve its image in the artistic words. The cup of suffering that Ivan Sergeyevich had to drink becomes the Eucharistic cup, permeated with the light of the Resurrection, which is reflected in his work, in the growth from the “Sun of the Dead” to the “Sun of the Living”. Suffering for I. S. Shmelev is Christological: pain and injustice are covered by the joy of Easter, and man is considered not just as a set of actions formed by the environment, but as the “Lord’s vessel”, imprinted in in himself the image and likeness of God. It is precisely this vision of the individual, Russia and the world as a whole that is capable of stopping the process of “dehumanization” that bursts into the 20th century with revolution, wars and other cataclysms.

Keywords

I. S. Shmelev, spiritual realism, paschal archetype, suffering, Eucharistic cup, dehumanization, “The Sun of the Dead”, “The Sun of the Living”

Literature

1. Akhmatova A. A. (1989). Sobranie sochinenij v 5 knigakh. T. 1. Rekviem [Collection of
works in 5 books. B. 1. Requiem] / Predisl. R. D. Timenchika; Sost. i prim. R. D. Timenchika
pri uchast. K. M. Polivanova. Moscow: Izd-vo MPI. 320 s. (In Russian).
2. Boldyreva E. M. (1999) “Utrachennyj raj” Ivana Shmeleva v avtobiograficheskoj povesti
“Leto Gospodne” [“Lost Paradise” by Ivan Shmelev in the autobiographical novel “Summer of
the Lord”]. In: Yaroslavskij pedagogicheskij vestnik. No 1. S. 243–252. (In Russian).
3. Grebenshchikov G. D. (1994). Kak mnogo v ehtom zvuke [How much in this sound]
/ Vospominaniya o I. S. Shmeleve. Moscow: Respublika. URL: http://az.lib.ru/s/shmelew_i_s/
text_0170.shtml (accessed: 15.06.2024). (In Russian).
4. Dostoevskij F. M. (1973). Polnoe sobranie sochinenij: v 30 t. [Complete collection of
works: in 30 volumes]. Leningrad: Nauka, 1973. T. 6. 422 s. (In Russian).
5. Esaulov I. A. (2004). Paskhal’nost’ russkoj slovesnosti [The Paschal archtype of Russian
literature]. Moscow: Krug. 560 s. (In Russian).
6. Konkina L. S., Sotkov V. A. (2013). Specifika povestvovatel’noj situacii v ocherke
I. S. Shmeleva “Staryj Valaam” [Specificity of the narrative situation in the essay of I. S. Shmeleva
“Old Balaam”]. In: Izvestiya Samarskogo nauchnogo centra Rossijskoj akademii nauk. No 2–.
T. 15. S. 191–195. (In Russian).
7. Koshelev V. A. (2004). “Neupivaemaya Chasha” Shmeleva: “usadebnoe” i “dukhovnoje”
[“Undrinkable Cup”: “manor” and “spiritual”]. In: Vestnik Novgorodskogo gosudarstvennogo
universiteta. No 29. S. 43–49. (In Russian).
8. Lotman Yu. M. (1992). Russkaya kul’tura poslepetrovskoj ehpokhi i khristianskaya
tradiciya [Russian culture of the post- Peter era and Christian tradition]. In: Trudy po znakovym
sistemam. Kul’tura: Tekst: Narrativ. Tartu. T. 24. URL: http://philology.ru/literature2/lotman-92.
htm (data obrashcheniya: 15.06.2024). (In Russian).
9. Lyubomudrov A. M. (2003). Dukhovnyj realizm v literature russkogo zarubezh’ya:
B. K. Zajcev, I. S. Shmelev [Spiritual realism in the literature of the Russian diaspora: B. K. Zaitsev,
I. S. Shmelev]. St. Petersburg: Dmitrij Bulanin. 272 s. (In Russian).
10. Nepomnyashchij V. S. (1999). Pushkin. Russkaya kartina mira. Seriya “Pushkin v XX
veke” [Pushkin. Russian picture of the world. Series “Pushkin in the 20th century”]. Vyp. 6.
Moscow: Nasledie. 544 s. (In Russian).
11. Nicshe Fr. (2007). Polnoe sobranie sochinenij: v 13 t. T. 4 [Complete collection of works:
in 13 vol. Vol. 4]. Institut filosofii. Moscow: Kul’turnaya revolyuciya. 432 s. (In Russian).
12. Pasternak B. L. (2004). Polnoe sobranie sochinenij s prilozheniyami: v 11 t. T.
4 [Complete collection of works with appendices: in 11 vol. Vol. 4] / Sost. i komment.
E. B. Pasternaka i E. V. Pasternak. Moscow: Slovo. 760 s. (In Russian).
13. Sotkov V. A. (2024). Obraz sestry miloserdiya v rasskaze I. S. Shmeleva “Krovavyj grekh”
[The image of the sister of mercy in the story of I. S. Shmelev “Bloody sin”]. In: Filologicheskie
nauki. Voprosy teorii i praktiki. T. 17. Vyp. 4. S. 1149–1154. (In Russian).
14. Shmelev I. S. (1962). Perepiska I. S. Shmeleva i Tomasa Manna [Correspondence
of I. S. Shmelev and Thomas Mann]. In: Literaturno- khudozhestvennyj i obshchestvennopoliticheskij al’manakh “Mosty”. Publikaciya Yu. A. Kutyrinoj. No 9. URL: http://shmelev.
lit-info.ru/shmelev/pisma/shmeleva-i-tomas-mann.htm (accessed: 15.06.2024). (In Russian).
15. Shmelev I. S. (1996). Pis’ma I. S. Shmeleva V. V. Veresaevu (1921 g.) [I. S. Shmelev’s
letters to V. V. Veresaev (1921)]. In: Vstrechi s proshlym. Vyp. 8. Pis’ma publikuyutsya po
izdaniyu “Poslednij moj krik — spasite!..” Moscow: RGALI, Russkaya kniga. URL: http://
shmelev.lit-info.ru/shmelev/pisma/shmelev- veresaevu.htm (accessed: 15.06.2024). (In Russian).
16. Shmelev I. S. (1998). Sobranie sochinenij: v 5 t. [Collection of works: in 5 vol.]. T. 1.
Moscow: Russkaya kniga. 640. (In Russian).
17. Shmelev I. S. (1998). Sobranie sochinenij: v 5 t. [Collection of works: in 5 vol.]. T. 2.
Moscow: Russkaya kniga. 512 s. (In Russian).
18. Shmelev I. S. (1998). Sobranie sochinenij: v 5 t. [Collection of works: in 5 vol.]. T. 4.
Moscow: Russkaya kniga. 560 s. (In Russian).
19. Shmelev I. S. (1999). Sobranie sochinenij: v 5 t. [Collection of works: in 5 vol.]. T. 6
(dop.). Moscow: Russkaya kniga. 512 s. (In Russian).
20. Shchepalina E. A. (2019). «Evkharisticheskij kompleks» v proze S. N. Durylina: dis. …
kandidata filol. nauk: 10.01.01 [«The Eucharistic Complex» in the prose of S. N. Durylin: dis.
… candidate of philol. sciences: 10.01.01]. 181 s. (In Russian).

Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 23–28–
00665, https://rscf.ru/project/23–28–00665/; Русская христианская гуманитарная академия
им. Ф. М. Достоевского